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nicotine regulation model
The Physiological or medical approach to defining substance use and abuse is to view substance abuse as a medical problem. This approach concentrates on the excessive use of various substances and commonly defines addiction as ‘dependence on a drug, resulting in tolerance and Withdrawal Symptoms when the addict is deprived of the drug’.According to the Nicotine Regulation Model (an example of the medical approach) established smokers continue to smoke to maintain a certain level of nicotine in their bodies and to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Stanley Schachter (1977) conducted an ingenious serious of studies with adult smokers that provides strong evidence for this model. In one experiment, the researchers had subjects smoke low-nicotine cigarettes during one week and high-nicotine cigarettes during another week. As the model predicts, the subjects smoked more low- than high-nicotine cigarettes. This effect was especially strong for heavy smokers, who smoked 25% more of the low- than high-nicotine cigarettes.
