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Classical Conditioning
A form of learning through association.
Ivan Pavlov, whilst experimenting on dogs noticed that if a bell was rung at the same time as the dogs were fed, they would salivate merely at the sound of a bell.
This idea has been applied to humans to explain how certain behaviours are learned. For example, it is argued that phobias can be explained using classical conditioning. A person may have a Phobia of horses because they once had a frightening experience with a horse and now they associate horses with this frightening experience.
In some of Pavlov’s famous experiments with dogs he paired a neutral Stimulus – a bell (called the conditioned stimulus) with food (this is called the unconditioned stimulus). The bell was rung at the same time as the food was presented.
Eventually presentation of the bell on its own came to produce the same response (salivation) that food had elicited.
The salivation to the sound of the bell was called the Conditioned Response whereas the salivation to food was called the unconditioned response.
A game where you can be Pavlov.
